Cough in children – causes and how to respond properly
Nov 30, 2021
Coughing is a reflex defense mechanism triggered by irritation of the respiratory tract lining. There are many possible causes, and it is important to recognize when a cough is harmless and when it requires medical attention.
In conditions like bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and asthma, coughing occurs in episodes and is often accompanied by wheezing. A nighttime cough with vomiting may indicate sinus inflammation, while laryngitis is characterized by a harsh, hoarse cough that sounds like a barking dog. In some cases, acid reflux can cause a persistent cough without any other symptoms.
A dry, prolonged cough can exhaust a child and disrupt sleep, so it should be managed with appropriate therapies. On the other hand, if the cough produces mucus, it should be encouraged with expectorant syrups and increased fluid intake, such as juices, teas, and soups. Children under the age of five often cannot properly clear mucus by coughing it up, so they may swallow it or vomit instead.
One of the most serious causes of coughing is inhaling a foreign object. Young children tend to explore by putting objects in their mouths, and if they accidentally inhale something—like a peanut—it can lead to a severe, persistent cough.
Fortunately, most coughs are caused by viral or bacterial respiratory infections, which are easily treatable. However, even after recovery, a cough may persist for a few weeks, which is generally not a cause for concern. If it lasts beyond this period, further evaluation is recommended.